Chinese Medicine

Table 3 The saponins isolated from Polygonatum

From: Pharmacological properties of Polygonatum and its active ingredients for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases

NO	Chemical ingredients	Chemical formula	Source	Extraction methods	References
Steroid saponins
1	Sibiricoside A	C₅₇H₉₄O₂₈	Polygonatum sibiricum	Extracted with methanol at room temperature for three times, 12 h each	Son [77]
2	Protodioscin	C₅₁H₈₄O₂₂	Polygonatum sibiricum	Extracted with 75% ethanol	Ren [68]
3	Protogracillin	C₅₁H₈₄O₂₃	Polygonatum sibiricum	Extracted with 75% methanol for three times, 24 h each	Ren [68]
4	Methyl protodioscin	C₅₂H₈₆O₂₂	Polygonatum sibiricum	Extracted with 75% methanol for three times, 24 h each	Ren [68]
5	Methyl protogracillin	C₅₂H₈₆O₂₃	Polygonatum sibiricum	Extracted with 75% methanol for three times, 24 h each	Ren [68]
6	Polygonoide A	C₅₇H₉₂O₂₇	Polygonatum sibiricum	Extracted with 75% methanol for three times, 24 h each	Ren [68]
7	Polygonoide B	C₄₃H₆₈O₁₉	Polygonatum sibiricum	Extracted with methanol at room temperature for three times, 12 h each	Son [77]
8	Kingianoside Z	C₅₇H₉₀O₂₉	Polygonatum sibiricum	Extracted with 95% ethanol at room temperature for three times	Zhang [89]
9	(25RS)-26-(β-glucopyranosyl)-22-Methylfurost-5-ene-3β,14α,26-triol 3-O-β-lycotetraoside	C₅₇H₉₄O₂₉	Polygonatum sibiricum	Extracted with methanol at room temperature for three times, 12 h each	Son [77]
10	(25RS)-Kingianoside C	C₄₅H₇₂O₂₀	Polygonatum kingianum	Extracted with 50% ethanol for three times	Zhang [76]
11	(25RS)-Kingianoside E	C₅₁H₈₂O₂₅	Polygonatum kingianum	Extracted with 50% ethanol for three times	Zhang [76]
12	(25RS)-Kingianoside F	C₅₇H₉₄O₂₉	Polygonatum sibiricum	Extracted with methanol at room temperature for three times, 12 h each	Son [77]
13	Sibiricogenin 3-O-β-Lycotetraoside	C₅₇H₉₄O₂₉	Polygonatum sibiricum	Extracted with methanol at room temperature for three times, 12 h each	Son [77]
14	(25RS, 22ξ)-Hydroxylwattinoside C	C₄₅H₇₄O₂₀	Polygonatum kingianum	Extracted with 50% ethanol for three times	Zhang [76]
15	22-Hydroxylwattinoside C	C₄₅H₇₄O₂₀	Polygonatum kingianum	Extracted with 50% ethanol for three times	Zhang [76]
16	(25R,22)-Hydroxylwattinoside C	C₄₅H₇₄O₂₀	Polygonatum kingianum	Extracted with 50% ethanol for three times	Zhang [76]
17	(25RS)-Kingianoside D	C₄₅H₇₂O₁₉	Polygonatum kingianum	Extracted with methanol under heating condition	Li [90]
18	Huangjinoside A	C₃₃H₅₀O₈	Polygonatum sibiricum	Extracted with water followed by chloroform	Ren [68]
19	Huangjinoside B	C₃₉H₆₀O₁₅	Polygonatum sibiricum	Extracted with 70% alcohol solution under reflux for three times, 1 h each	Ren [68]
20	Huangjinoside C	C₃₂H₅₂O₉	Polygonatum sibiricum	Extracted with water followed by chloroform	Ren [68]
21	Huangjinoside D	C₃₃H₅₂O₉	Polygonatum sibiricum	Extracted with water followed by chloroform	Ren [68]
22	Huangjinoside E	C₃₉H₆₂O₁₄	Polygonatum sibiricum	Extracted with water followed by chloroform	Ren [68]
23	Huangjinoside F	C₃₃H₆₂O₁₅	Polygonatum sibiricum	Extracted with water followed by chloroform	Ren [68]
24	Huangjinoside G	C₄₅H₇₂O₁₉	Polygonatum sibiricum	Extracted with water followed by chloroform	Ren [68]
25	Huangjinoside H	C₄₅H₇₂O₂₀	Polygonatum sibiricum	Extracted with water followed by chloroform	Ren [68]
26	Huangjinoside I	C₃₈H₆₀O₁₅	Polygonatum sibiricum	Extracted with water followed by chloroform	Ren [68]
27	Huangjinoside J	C₃₉H₆₂O₁₅	Polygonatum sibiricum	Extracted with water followed by chloroform	Ren [68]
28	Huangjinoside K	C₃₉H₆₂O₁₆	Polygonatum sibiricum	Extracted with water followed by chloroform	Ren [68]
29	Huangjinoside L	C₃₉H₆₂O₁₅	Polygonatum sibiricum	Extracted with water followed by chloroform	Ren [68]
30	Huangjinoside M	C₃₉H₆₂O₁₆	Polygonatum sibiricum	Extracted with water followed by chloroform	Ren [68]
31	Huangjinoside N	C₄₅H₇₂O₂₁	Polygonatum sibiricum	Extracted with water followed by chloroform	Ren [68]
32	Huangjinoside O	C₄₅H₇₂O₂₀	Polygonatum sibiricum	Extracted with water followed by chloroform	Ren [68]
33	Neosibiricoside A	C₄₇H₇₄O₂₁	Polygonatum sibiricum	Extracted with methanol	Ahn [91]
34	Neosibiricoside B	C₅₂H₈₂O₂₄	Polygonatum sibiricum	Extracted with methanol	Ahn [91]
35	Neosibiricoside C	C₅₂H₈₂O₂₃	Polygonatum sibiricum	Extracted with methanol	Ahn [91]
36	Neosibiricoside D	C₄₅H₇₂O₁₈	Polygonatum sibiricum	Extracted with methanol	Ahn [91]
37	(25RS)-Kingianoside A	C₃₉H₆₀O₁₄	Polygonatum kingianum	Extracted with 50% ethanol for three times	Yu [65]
38	Kingianoside B	C₃₉H₆₀O₁₃	Polygonatum kingianum	Extracted with methanol under heating condition	Li [90]
39	(25R)-Kingianoside G	C₄₅H₇₀O₂₀	Polygonatum kingianum	Extracted with 50% ethanol for three times	Yu [65]
40	Kingianoside H	C₃₉H₆₀O₁₅	Polygonatum kingianum	Extracted with 45% acetone for three times	Yu [92]
41	Kingianoside I	C₄₅H₇₀O₂₀	Polygonatum kingianum	Extracted with 45% acetone for three times	Yu [92]
42	Kingianoside K	C₄₄H₆₈O₁₇	Polygonatum kingianum	Extracted with 45% acetone for three times	Yu [79]
43	Cyrtonemoside A	C₅₁H₈₀O₂₄	Polygonatum cyrtonema	Extracted with 80% ethanol for four times	Ma [93]
44	Pratioside D₁	C₄₅H₇₀O₁₉	Polygonatum kingianum	Extracted with 45% acetone for three times	Yu [79]
45	(25RS)-Pratioside D1	C₄₅H₇₀O₁₉	Polygonatum kingianum	Extracted with 45% acetone for three times	Yu [79]
46	Sibiricoside B	C₅₀H₈₀O₂₄	Polygonatum sibiricum	Extracted with methanol at room temperature for three times, 12 h each	Son [77]
47	Neoprazerigenin 3-O-β- lycotetraoside	C₅₀H₈₀O₂₃	Polygonatum sibiricum	Extracted with methanol at room temperature for three times, 12 h each	Son [77]
48	Polygonatoside C₁	C₃₉H₆₀O₁₅	Polygonatum kingianum	Extracted with 45% acetone for three times	Yu [79]
49	(25S)-Pratioside D₁	C₄₅H₇₀O₁₉	Polygonatum sibiricum	Extracted with methanol at room temperature for three times, 12 h each	Son [77]
50	(25R)-Pratioside D₁	C₄₅H₇₀O₁₉	Polygonatum kingianum	Extracted with 50% ethanol for three times	Yu [65]
51	(25RS)-Neobotogenin	C₂₇H₄₀O₄	Polygonatum cyrtonema	Extracted with 80% ethanol for four times	Ma [93]
52	Disporopsin	C₁₆H₁₄O₆	Polygonatum kingianum	Extracted with 50% ethanol for three times	Yu [65]
53	Saponin Tg	C₅₁H₈₂O₂₁	Polygonatum kingianum	Extracted with 50% ethanol for three times	Yu [65]
54	Saponin Pb	C₅₁H₈₂O₂₀	Polygonatum kingianum	Extracted with 45% acetone for three times	Yu [79]
55	Dioscin	C₄₅H₇₂O₁₇	Polygonatum kingianum	Extracted with 45% acetone for three times	Yu [79]
56	Gracillin	C₅₄H₉₂O₁₃	Polygonatum kingianum	Extracted with 45% acetone for three times	Yu [79]
57	Saponin Pa	C₄₄H₇₀O₁₆	Polygonatum kingianum	Extracted with 45% acetone for three times	Yu [79]
58	Funkioside C	C₃₉H₆₂O₁₃	Polygonatum kingianum	Extracted with methanol under heating condition	Li [90]
59	Saponin Tb	C₃₉H₆₂O₁₃	Polygonatum kingianum	Extracted with 45% acetone for three times	Yu [79]
60	Daucosterol	C₃₅H₆₀O₆	Polygonatum kingianum	Extracted with 45% acetone for three times	Yu [79]
61	Ginsenoside Rb₁	C₅₆H₉₀O₂₄	Polygonatum kingianum	Extracted with 45% acetone for three times	Yu [79]
62	Diosgenin	C₂₇H₄₂O₃	Polygonatum cyrtonema	Extracted with 95% ethanol for two times, 4 h each	Zeng [94]
63	Trillin	C₃₃H₅₂O₈	Polygonatum sibiricum	Extracted with 75% ethanol for three times, 24 h each	Ren [68]
64	Huangjingenin	C₂₇H₄₂O₅	Polygonatum sibiricum	Extracted with water followed by chloroform	Ren [68]
65	(25S) Spirost-5-en-12-one-3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)- [β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→3)]-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-β- D-galactopyranoside	C₅₀H₇₈O₂₃	Polygonatum cyrtonema	Extracted with 80% ethanol for four times	Ma [93]
66	(3β, 25RS)-Spirost-5-en-12-one-3-[(O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(12)-O-[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→3)]-O-β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→4)-β-D-galactopyranosyl)-oxy	C₅₀H₇₈O₂₃	Polygonatum cyrtonema	Extracted with 80% ethanol for four times	Ma [93]
67	(25RS)-Spirostan-5-en-12-one-3-O-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-O- [β-D-xylopyranosyl (1→3)] -O-β-D-glucopyranosyl (1→4)-β-D-galactopyranoside	C₅₀H₇₈O₂₃	Polygonatum cyrtonema	Extracted with 80% ethanol for four times	Ma [93]
68	(25R)-Spirost-5-en-3β,17α-diol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→3)-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)]-β-D-glucopyranosid	C₄₅H₇₂O₁₈	Polygonatum kingianum	Extracted with 45% acetone for three times	Yu [92]
69	(25R)-Spirost-5-en-3β,17α-diol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl (1→2)-β-D-glucopyranosyl (1→4)-β-D-fucopyranosyl	C₄₅H₇₂O₁₉	Polygonatum sibiricum	Extracted with 70% ethanol under reflux for three times	Ren [68]
70	O-β-D-Glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-glucopyranosyl (1→4)-β-D-fucopyranosyl	C₄₅H₇₂O₁₈	Polygonatum sibiricum	Extracted with 70% ethanol under reflux for three times	Ren [68]
71	(25R) -Spirost-5-en-3β, 17α-diol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl (1→4) -β-D-galactopyranoside	C₃₉H₆₂O₁₄	Polygonatum sibiricum	Extracted with 70% ethanol under reflux for three times	Ren [68]
72	(25RS)-Spirost-5-en-3β,17α-diol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl (1→4)-β-D-fucopyranosyl	C₃₉H₆₂O₁₃	Polygonatum sibiricum	Extracted with 70% ethanol under heating condition for three times	Tang [95]
73	(25RS)-Spirost-5-en-3β,12β-diol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl (1→4)-β-D- fucopyranosyl	C₃₉H₆₂O₁₃	Polygonatum sibiricum	Extracted with 70% ethanol under heating condition for three times	Tang [95]
74	(23S, 25R)-Spirost-5-ene-3β,14α,23-ttiol	C₂₇H₄₂O₅	Polygonatum sibiricum	Extracted with methanol at room temperature for three times, 12 h each	Son [77]
75	3-O-β-D-Glucopyranosyl (1→3)-β-D-glucopyranosyl (1 →4)- [α-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1→2)]-β-D-glucopyranoside-diosgeni	C₅₁H₈₂O₂₂	Polygonatum sibiricum	Extracted with 80% ethanol for three times, 2 h each	Xu [96]
76	3-O-β-D-Glucopyranosyl (1→4)- [α-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1→2)]-β-D-glucopyranosyl-diosgenin (PO-3)	C₄₅H₇₂O₁₇	Polygonatum sibiricum	Extracted with 80% ethanol for three times, 2 h each	Xu [96]
77	3-O-β-D-α-L-Rhamnopyranosyl (1→4)- [α-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1→2)]-β-D-glucopy-ranoside-diosgenin	C₄₅H₇₂O₁₆	Polygonatum sibiricum	Extracted with 80% ethanol for three times, 2 h each	Xu [96]
78	3-O-β-D-Glucopyranosyl (1→4)- [α-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1→2)]-β-D-glucopyranoside-diosgenin	C₄₅H₇₂O₁₇	Polygonatum sibiricum	Extracted with 80% ethanol for three times, 2 h each	Xu [96]
79	(25RS) -Spirost-5-en-3β, 12β-diol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl (1→4) -β-D-fucosopyranoside	C₃₉H₆₂O₁₃	Polygonatum sibiricum	Extracted with 70% ethanol under heating condition for three times, 2 h each	Tang [95]
80	(25RS)3-β-Hydroxyspirost-5-en-12-one	C₂₇H₄₀O₄	Polygonatum cyrtonema	Extracted with 80% ethanol for four times	Ma [93]
81	(3β, 25R)-26-(β-D-Glucopyranosyloxy)-22-hydroxyfurost-5-en-3-yl 4-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-β-D-galactopyranoside	C₄₅H₇₂O₁₉	Polygonatum kingianum	Extracted with methanol under heating condition	Li [90]
82	(3β, 25R)-26-(β-D-Glucopyranosyloxy)-22-methoxyfurost-5-en-3-yl 4-O-β-D- glucopyranosyl	C₄₆H₇₆O₁₉	Polygonatum kingianum	Extracted with methanol under heating condition	Li [90]
83	26-O-β-D-Glucopyranose-3β, 26-diol-(25R)-Δ5, 22 (23) -diene-furost-3-O-β-D-glucopyranosid	C₃₉H₆₂O₁₃	Polygonatum sibiricum	Extracted with 75% ethanol for three times, 24 h each	Ren [68]
84	26-O-β-D-Glucopyranose-3β, 26-diol-(25R)-Δ5, 20 (22) -diene-furanost-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside	C₃₉H₆₂O₁₃	Polygonatum sibiricum	Extracted with 75% ethanol for three times, 24 h each	Ren [68]
85	(3β, 25R)-Furost-5-en-12-one,3-[(4-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-β-D-galactopyranosyl) oxy]-26-(β-D-glucopyranosyloxy)-22-methoxy	C₄₆H₇₄O₂₀	Polygonatum kingianum	Extracted with methanol under heating condition	Li [90]
86	(3β, 25R)-Furost-5-en-12-one,3-[(6- deoxy-4-O-β-D- galactopyranosyl) oxy] -26-(β-D- glucopyranosyloxy)-22-methoxy	C₄₆H₇₄O₁₉	Polygonatum kingianum	Extracted with methanol under heating condition	Li [90]
Triterpenoid saponins
87	Ginsenoside Rb₁	C₅₄H₉₂O₁₃	Polygonatum kingianum	Extracted with 45% acetone for three times	Yu [79]
88	Ginsenoside Rc	C₅₃H₉₀O₂₂	Polygonatum kingianum	Extracted with 50% ethanol for three times	Yu [65]
89	Pseudoginsenoside F₁₁	C₄₂H₇₂O₁₄	Polygonatum sibiricum	Extracted with 50% ethanol under reflux for three times	Ren [68]
90	Polygonoide C	C₄₈H₇₈O₁₉	Polygonatum sibiricum	Extracted with 20% ethanol at 60 ℃ for three times, 2 h each	Hu [97]
91	Polygonoide D	C₄₉H₈₀O₁₉	Polygonatum sibiricum	Extracted with 20% ethanol at 60 ℃ for three times, 2 h each	Hu [97]
92	Polygonoide E	C₇₂H₁₁₈O₃₉	Polygonatum sibiricum	Extracted with 20% ethanol at 60 ℃ for three times, 2 h each	Hu [97]
93	Madecassoside	C₄₈H₇₈O₂₀	Polygonatum sibiricum	Extracted with 70% ethanol at 60 ℃ for three times, 2 h each	Ren [68]
94	Asiaticoside	C₄₈H₇₈O₁₉	Polygonatum sibiricum	Extracted with 70% ethanol at 60 ℃ for three times, 2 h each	Ren [68]
95	3β, 30β-Dihydroxy- (3→1) glucose-(2→1) glucose-oleanane	C₄₂H₇₂O₁₂	Polygonatum sibiricum	Extracted with 70% ethanol for three times	Ren [68]
96	3β-Hydroxy- (3→1) glucose- (4→1) glucose-oleanane	C₄₂H₇₂O₁₁	Polygonatum sibiricum	Extracted with 70% ethanol for three times	Ren [68]
97	3β-Hydroxy- (3→1) glucose- (4→1) glucose- (28→1) arabinose- (2→1) arabinose-oleanolic acid	C₅₂H₈₄O₂₁	Polygonatum sibiricum	Extracted with 70% ethanol for three times	Ren [68]
98	3β-Hydroxy- (3→1) glucose- (2→1) glucose-oleanolic acid	C₄₂H₆₈O₁₃	Polygonatum sibiricum	Extracted with 70% ethanol for three times	Ren [68]

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