Table 1 Analysis of differences in appearance of the Cimicifuga plant
Plant organ | C. foetida | C. heracleifolia | C. dahurica | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Stem | Base pubescent | Base glabrous | The base is glabrous or slightly hairy | [18] |
Flowers | Inflorescence has 3–20 branches Carpels are 2–5, with sessile or very short stalks, densely covered with gray hairs | Inflorescence has 2–9 branches Carpels are 3–5, short stalked and glabrous | Inflorescence are more than 7–20 branches Carpels are 4–7, with sessile or shortly stalked, sparsely gray pilose or subglabrous | [24] |
Leaves | The width of leaves under the stem is up to 30 cm The terminal leaflet is 7–10 cm long and 4–7 cm wide, often lobed | The width of leaves under the stem is up to 20 cm The terminal leaflet are 6–12 cm long and 4–9 cm wide, often 3 lobed | The width of leaves under the stem is up to 22 cm The terminal leaflet are 5–10 cm long and 3.5–9 cm wide, 3 deeply lobed | |
Fruits | Follicles are oblong, 8–14 mm long and 2.5–5 mm wide, hairy, a 2–3 mm long stalk at the base, and a short beak at the top | The follicles are 5–6 mm long and 3–4 mm wide and the lower part has a thin handle about 1 mm long | Follicles are on the carpel stalk, 7–8 mm long, 4 mm wide, and the top is nearly truncate covered with white pubescence | |
Seeds | Seeds are oval and brown, with 2.5–3 mm long | Usually 2 seeds, about 3 mm long | Seeds are 3–4, about 3 mm long, oval and brown |