Fig. 2

PPI has anticancer activity in vivo and in vitro. A CCK8 assay of Hep3B2.1–7 and SK-HEP-1 cells treated with PPI (n = 3). B, C Colony formation assay of HCC cells treated with PPI (n = 3; L, 2.5 μg/mL PPI; H, 5 μg/mL PPI). D, E Wound healing assay of HCC cells treated with PPI (n = 3; L, 2.5 μg/mL PPI; H, 5 μg/mL PPI). F, G Transwell assay of HCC cells treated with PPI (n = 3; L; 2.5 μg/mL PPI; H, 5 μg/mL PPI). H Annexin V–FITC dual staining assay of HCC cells treated with PPI (n = 3; L, 2.5 μg/mL PPI; H, 5 μg/mL PPI). I, J Change in cleaved caspase 3 in HCC cells treated with PPI (n = 3; L, 2.5 μg/mL PPI; H, 5 μg/mL PPI). K, L PPI significantly inhibited the tumor growth of zebrafish xenograft models injected with Hep3B cells (n = 6; Positive control, 100 ng/mL sorafenib; L, 0.3 μg/mL PPI; H, 0.6 μg/mL PPI). (* p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001)