Fig. 4

Effects of bile acid treatments on ovarian histopathological parameters in PCOS. This figure presents the impact of various bile acid treatments on different ovarian histopathological parameters in a PCOS model. The eight subfigures (A–H) depict measurements across different groups, including control, PCOS, and multiple treatment groups with low and high doses of different bile acids. A Number of cystic follicles: Shows the count of cystic follicles across groups; B Number of atretic follicles: Illustrates the count of atretic follicles; C Number of antral follicles: Displays the count of antral follicles; D Number of corpus luteum: Shows the count of corpus luteum across groups; E Cystic follicle percentage: Displays the percentage of cystic follicles in all parameters; F Atretic follicle percentage: Illustrates the percentage of atretic follicles in all parameters; G Antral follicle percentage: Displays the percentage of antral follicles in all parameters; H Corpus luteum percentage: Shows the percentage of corpus luteum in all parameters. All data are presented as the mean ± standard deviation (SD), and statistical significance is denoted by asterisks (*) and hashes (^#). Hashes (^#): Indicate significant differences between the PCOS group and the control group (^#, P < 0.05; ^##, P < 0.01; ^###, P < 0.001); Asterisks (*): Indicate significant differences between treatment groups and the PCOS group (*, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01; ***, P < 0.001)