Table 1 The role of natural products in the mechanisms of DDR and their associated diseases
Category of natural product | Name of natural product | DDR mechanism | Regulates the activity of key enzymes | Related diseases | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Flavonoid | Quercetin | BER | Promoting OGG1 | Colorectal cancer | |
| Â | Luteolin | BER | Promoting OGG1 | Squamous cell carcinoma of the lungs | [71] |
| Â | Quercetin | HRR | Promoting RAD51 | Oncological disease | [176] |
| Â | Genistein | HRR, NHEJ | Inhibition RAD51, Ku70 | Prostate cancer | [134] |
| Â | Genistein | HRR | Promoting BRCA1 | Breast cancer | [147] |
| Â | Apigenin | HRR | Promoting BRCA1, RAD51 | Ischemic stroke | [177] |
| Â | Apigenin | NHEJ | Inhibition Ku70 | Ischemic stroke | [177] |
| Â | Quercetin | NHEJ | Regulate Ku70/80, DNA-PKcs | NSCLC | [178] |
| Â | Quercetin | NHEJ, HRR | Regulate DNA-PK, ATM | Leukemia | [179] |
Lactone | Triptolide | BER, NER | Regulate ERCC1, PARP1 et al | Osteosarcoma | [180] |
| Â | Triptolide | NER | Regulate XPA, XPB, XPC, ERCC1, XPD, XPF | Pancreatic | [98] |
| Â | Triptolide | NER | Regulate PARP | Advanced stage melanoma | [181] |
| Â | Triptolide | NHEJ | Regulate DNA-PKcs, Ku80 | Oncological disease | |
| Â | Triptolide | HRR | Inhibition ATM | Breast cancer | [153] |
Alkaloid | Berberine | BER | Inhibition XRCC1 | Triple negative breast cancer | [69] |
| Â | Capsaicin | NER | Inhibition ERCC1 | NSCLC | [96] |
| Â | Piperine | NHEJ | Regulate DNA-PKcs, Ku70/80 | Breast cancer | [184] |
| Â | Berberine | HRR | Inhibition RAD51 | Breast cancer | [144] |
| Â | Berberine | HRR | Inhibition RAD51 | Esophageal cancer | [146] |
| Â | Berberine | HRR | Inhibition RAD51 | Ovarian cancer | [145] |
Polyphenol | Resveratrol | BER | Promoting OGG1 and XRCC1 | Diseases caused by alcoholism | [185] |
| Â | Resveratrol | BER | Inhibition XRCC1 | NSCLC | [186] |
| Â | Resveratrol | NER | Possible regulation OGG1, XRCC1 | XP, skin cancer | [186] |
| Â | Resveratrol | HRR, NHEJ | Inhibition ATM/ATR-P53 and Nbs1 | Oncological disease | [186] |
Other | Retigeric acid B | NER, MMR | Regulate ERCC1, MSH2, MSH6 | Prostate cancer | [187] |
|  | β-carotene | NHEJ | Regulate Ku70/80 | Stomach cancer | |
| Â | Cantharisin | HRR | Regulate RAD50, RAD51 | Pancreatic | [148] |
| Â | Cantharisin | HRR | Regulate BRCA1 | Lung cancer | [149] |
| Â | Isoorientin | HRR | Regulate ATM | Liver cancer | [150] |
| Â | Ferulic acid | HRR | Inhibition RAD51 | Breast cancer | [151] |
|  | β-Thujaplicin | HRR | Inhibition RAD51 | Osteosarcoma cell | [152] |