Table 1 Plant extract intervention for HAG

002 Lee JY et al. 2023 [10]

Ethanol (Leaf)

Maclura tricuspidata

Moraceae

M C57BL/6 mice;

Hp (4 × 10⁹ CFU/mL),

100 μL orally, 3 times/w, for 2w

10, 20 mg/kg; 6w

1. Gastric CLO↓

2. Stool Hp antigen△

3. Serum anti-Hp IgG↓

003 Wu H et al. 2023 [11]

Chloroform (Dried tuber)

Corydalis yanhusuo (Y. H. Chou & Chun C. Hsu)

Papaveraceae

M mice;

Hp (10⁸ CFU/mL),

0.2 mL orally, tri-weekly,

for 4w

100, 200, 400

mg/kg; 2w

1. Gastric RUT↓

2. Serum anti-Hp IgG↓

004 Yuan Y et al. 2023 [12]

UN (UN)

Persicaria capitata (Buch. -Ham. ex D. Don) H. Gross

Polygonaceae

Sprague–Dawley rats;

pre-treated with

(2 g/L sodium bicarbonate),

Hp (10¹¹ CFU/L),

1.5 mL orally, 5 times at 1d-interval

1.58 g/kg/d; 2w

1. Gastric Hp density (CFU)↓

005 Jin Z et al. 2022 [13]

Water, Ethanol (UN)

Parnassia palustris L

Celastraceae

M Kunming mice;

Hp (1.2 × 10⁹ CFU/mL),

200 μL orally, 6 times at 1d-interval

20 mg/d; 5d

1. Gastric RUT↓

006 Lee TH et al 2022 [14]

Salt baked in bamboo barrel

(Bamboo)

UN

M C57BL/6 mice;

Hp (10⁸ CFU),

200 μL orally, daily, for 8w

83.3, 166.6,

333.2 mg/kg; 5d

1. Gastric mRNA of CagA gene: T, ST, BST score 0; BS↓

007 Song MY et al 2022 [15]

Ethanol (Korean Propolis)

(Korean Propolis)

UN

M C57BL/6 mice;

pre-treated with 0.2 mL

(5% sodium bicarbonate) 3d,

Hp (5 × 10⁹ CFU/mL),

orally, 4 times at 2d-interval, for 1w

0.2 mL/kg of 200 mg/kg, 3-times/w; 4w

1. Serum IgG↓

2. Gastric CLO↓

3. Gastric gene expression of Hp 16S rRNA, Ss1 strain, SsA strain, UreA, NapA↓

4.Gastric CagA protein↓

008 Mayyas A et al. 2021 [16]

Ethanol (Peel)

Punica granatum L

Lythraceae

F Wistar rats;

pre-treated with streptomycin (5 mg/mL) 3d,

Hp (2.7 × 10⁹ CFU/mL),

orally, twice/d at 4 h-interval, for 8d

50 mg/kg,

twice daily; 8d

1. Urease activity↓

2. Hp positive rats (HE-stained sections)↓

009 Park JM et al. 2021 [17]

No extract solvent. Shelled kernels pellet

(Shelled kernels)

Juglans regia L

Juglandaceae

M C57BL/6 mice;

pre-treated with pantoprazole (20 mg/kg) 3 times/w,

Hp (10⁸ CFU/mL),

0.1 mL orally, then

[CAG and cancer model: AIN-46A containing 7.5% NaCl pellet diet for 24w, 36w respectively]

100, 200 mg/kg;

24w or 36w

UN

011 Tripathi A et al. 2021 [18]

Ethanol (Leaf)

Capparis zeylanica L

Capparaceae

M Wistar rats;

pre-treated with naproxen

(30 mg/kg),

Hp (10⁸ CFU/mL),

orally 1 mL/d, for 7d

120, 240, 360, 480 O.D. mg/kg; 8w

1. Gastric RUT: 360, 480 mg/kg eradicated Hp

2. Gastric Hp HrgA, 16S rRNA gene: 360, 480 mg/kg eradicated

014 Park JU et al. 2020 [19]

Ethanol (Unripe fruit)

Rubus crataegifolius Bunge

Rosaceae

M Balb/c mice;

Hp (2 × 10⁸ CFU),

0.5 mL orally

100 mg/kg BW/d; 8w

1. Average number of the viable bacteria in gastric (CFU)↓

014 Park JU et al. 2020 [19]

Ethanol (Stem bark)

Ulmus macrocarpa Hance

Ulmaceae

M Balb/c mice;

Hp (2 × 10⁸ CFU),

0.5 mL orally

100 mg/kg BW/d; 8w

1. Average number of the viable bacteria in gastric (CFU)↓

016 Lee HA et al. 2018 [20]

Ethanol (Root)

Allium hookeri

Amaryllidaceae

M C57BL/6 mice;

Hp (10⁹ CFU), orally,

3 times at 3d-interval

25, 50, 100 mg/kg/d; 4w

1. CLO score, CLO positive rate dose dependently↓

017 Sandhya S et al. 2018 [21]

Methanol,

Chloroform (Root)

Tephrosia maxima. L

Fabaceae

Albino Swiss mice;

Pre-treated with Naproxen

(30 mg/kg) 3d,

Hp (10⁸ CFU/mL),

1 mL orally, for 7d

120 mg/kg/d;

4, 7, 10w

1. Gastric CFU↓, RUT↓, 16S rRNA of Hp△

020 Ik LY et al. 2019 [22]

Ethanol/Hot water (Unripe ruit)

Rubus crataegifolius Bunge

Rosaceae

M C57BL/6 mice;

Hp (2 × 10⁸ CFU), orally,

3 times

150 mg/kg; 4w

1. Log₁₀CFU/stomach↓,

no significance

020 Ik LY et al. 2019 [22]

Ethanol/Hot water (Stem bark)

Ulmus macrocarpa Hance

Ulmaceae

M C57BL/6 mice;

Hp (2 × 10⁸ CFU), orally,

3 times

150 mg/kg; 4w

1. Log₁₀CFU/stomach↓,

no significance

020 Ik LY et al. 2019 [22]

Ethanol/Hot water (Ripe ruit)

Gardenia jasminoides J. Ellis

Rubiaceae

M C57BL/6 mice;

Hp (2 × 10⁸ CFU), orally,

3 times

150 mg/kg; 4w

1. Log₁₀CFU/stomach↓,

no significance

024 Kim A et al. 2016 [23]

Dried powder (UN)

Angelica keiskei

Apiaceae

C57BL/6 mice;

Hp (10⁹ /mL) orally,

thrice for a 3-day period,

for 7w, AIN-76A diet for 7w

3% NAC, 8% AK; 7w

1. Gastric Hp 16S rRNA↓

025 Kim AY et al. 2016 [24]

A. Freeze-dried powder (Root);

B. L-ascorbic acid catalyze a myrosinase reaction to get a new powder (Root)

Brassica rapa L

Brassicaceae

F C57BL/6 mice;

Hp (1109 CFU), orally,

3 times at 2d-interval, for 1w

A: 200 mg/kg/d,

B: 100, 200 mg/kg/d; 4w

1. CFU/g stomach↓

2. Gastric mucosa IHC for Hp colonization↓

3. Gastric urease activity↓

4. Serum anti-Hp IgG: only high dose of HY3↑

026 Ye H et al. 2015 [25]

Volatile oil of plant (UN)

Chenopodium ambrosioides L. /Dysphania ambrosioides (L.)

Amaranthaceae

M Kunming mice;

Hp (1.2 × 10⁹ CFU/mL),

0.4 mL orally,

5 times at 1d-interval

49.32 mg/kg; 4w

1. Gastric RUT↓

027 Zhang S et al. 2015 [26]

Ethanol (Whole plant)

Polygonum capitatum

Polygonaceae

M/F (1:1) C57BL/6 mice;

Hp (10⁸ CFU/mL),

0.1 mL orally, 3 alternate days, for 9d

32, 64, 128 μg;

2w

1. Eradication rate of gastric Hp (CFU): (CLA + AMX + OMZ)- 100%; PCE- 89%; PCE + AMX- 93%

2. Gastric mRNA of CagA△

029 Park JM et al. 2014 [27]

Ethanol (UN)

(Licorice)

Fabaceae

M B6.129P2-IL10^tm1Cgn/J;

Hp (10⁹ CFU/mL),

0.1 mL orally, 4 times, for 1w then [cancer model: pellet diet AIN76 (7.5% NaCl) for 28w]

25, 50, 100 mg/kg; 24w

UN

030 Yamada T et al. 2014 [28]

Freeze-dried products

A. RB1 (glucoraphanin + 

glucoraphenin)

B. RB2

(glucoraphanin)

 × Raphanobrassica karpechenkoi

UN

M Mongolian gerbils;

Hp (10⁸ CFU),

1 mL orally

2%; 11w (week2—12)

UN

031 Brown JC et al. 2011 [29]

Powder (Skin)

Vitis rotundifolia Michx

Vitaceae

F C57BL/6 mice;

Pre-treated with MGS powder,

Hp (10⁷–10⁸ CFU/mouse), 0.25 mL orally, 3 times at 2-d-interval, for 5d

5%, 10%, 0.5 mg/mouse, daily; 1w

1. Gastric log CFU /g↓ but no significant difference with infected untreated mice

033 Pastene E et al. 2010 [30]

Absorber resin Sepabeads SP-850

(Ripe fruits Peel)

Malus domestica cv

Granny Smith

/Malus domestica (Suckow) Borkh

Rosaceae

C57BL6/J mice;

Hp (10⁹ CFU/mL),

0.3 mL orally, 4 times at

2-d-interval

200 μL of 150, 300 mg/kg/d;

20d

1. Gastric Hp 16S rRNA

(lg Hp g/stomach): 0

034 Gu L et al. 2007 [31]

Freeze-dried powder (Garlic bulb)

(Garlic)

UN

M Gerbillinae;

Hp (10⁹ CFU/mL),

0.4 mL/4d orally, 5 times

1 mL/100 g/d;

4w

UN

035 Paraschos S et al. 2007 [32]

Ethylacetate

 + Methanol (Resin/gum)

Pistacia lentiscus var. chia Poir

/Pistacia lentiscus L

Anacardiaceae

F C57BL/6 mice;

Hp (10⁸ CFU),

100 μL orally, 3 times within a week

0.75 mg/d; 3 m,

[an extra group pre-treated]

1. Serum anti-Hp IgG: -

2. Gastric tissue Hp (log CFU/g)↓

3. Gastric tissue Hp colonization grades (Histopathology)↓

036 Murakami M

et al. 2005 [33]

Special process

(Rice)

(Aqueous rice)

UN

M Mongolian gerbils;

Hp (10⁹ CFU/mL), 0.8 mL orally

UN; 10w

1. Gastric CFU of Hp↓ no significant difference with infected untreated mice

2. Serum anti-Hp IgG↓

037 Otsuka T et al. 2005[34]

Water (Fruit)

Prunus mume Sieb. et Zucc

Rosaceae

M Mongolian gerbils;

Hp (10⁸ CFU/mL), orally

1%, 3%; 9w

1. Stomach Hp ureaseA gene↓

2. Serum anti-Hp IgG△

038 Souza Mdo et al. 2009 [35]

Hydro-Ethanolic

(Stem bark),

Dichloromethanic fraction (Stem bark)

Calophyllum brasiliense Cambess

Calophyllaceae

M Wistar albino rats/

Swiss-Webster Mice;

Pre-treated with acetic acid (0.03 mL, 20%),

Hp (6 × 10⁸ CFU/mL),

1 mL orally

50, 100, 200

mg/kg HEECb,

100, 200 mg/kg

DCMF; UN

1. Negative rate of RUT↑

039 Ruggiero P et al. 2009 [36]

Fermentation process (UN)

(Grape)

UN

BALB/c mice;

Hp 10, 50 μg,

two oral each other day

5 mL/d; UN

1. CFU/stomach↓ no significant difference with untreated infected mice

2. Gastric Hp or VacA localization (IHC): (Red Wine + Green Tea)↓

039 Ruggiero P et al. 2009 [36]

Distilled

Water (Leaf)

(Green tea)

UN

BALB/c mice;

Hp 10, 50 μg,

two oral each other day

5 mL/d; UN

1. CFU/stomach↓ no significant difference with untreated infected mice

2. Gastric Hp or VacA localization (IHC): (Red Wine + Green Tea)↓

041 Jeong M et al. 2015 [37]

Water, Ethanol

(UN)

Artemisia capillaris Thunb

Asteraceae

F C57BL/6 mice;

Pre-treated with Pantoprazole (20 mg/kg), 3 times,

Hp (10⁹ CFU/mL),

0.1 mL orally, 4 times, for 1w, then [cancer model: pellet diet AIN76 (7.5% NaCl) for 24, 36w]

75 mg/kg, UN

UN

041 Jeong M et al. 2015 [37]

Water, Ethanol

(Leaf)

Camellia sinensis L

/Inversodicraea tanzaniensis Cheek

Podostemaceae

Same as the previous line

75 mg/kg, UN

UN

042 Stoicov C et al. 2009 [38]

Ethanol (Leaf)

(Green tea)

UN

M C57BL/6 J mice;

Hp (5 × 10⁷ CFU),

500μL orally, 3 times at 2d-interval

①pre-treated GT/infection

/GT ②infection/GT.1%; 8w

1. Stomach H.felis flaB gene: A, B score 0, C↓

043 Limuro M et al. 2002 [39]

Water- ethanol mixture (Clove)

Allium sativum L

Amaryllidaceae

M Mongolian gerbils;

Hp (2:0 £ 10⁸ CFU),

0.5 mL orally

1%, 2%, 4%; 6w Or 4%; 4w

1. Stomach colonies of Hp (CFU): -

054 Ishizone S et al. 2007 [40]

Distilled water,

enzyme-catalyzed reaction (Rice)

Oryza sativa L

Poaceae

M Mongolian gerbils;

Hp (10 CFU),

0.8 mL orally

12w

1. Gastric Hp ( +) incidence (IHC)↓; CFU△

2. Serum anti-Hp IgG↓

3. Gastric immunostainging slice of Hp↓

058 Ma X et al. 2020 [41]

Ethylacetate

(Rhizome)

Alpinia officinarum Hance

Zingiberaceae

M BALB/c mice;

Pretreated with mixed antibiotic solution

(0.3 mL/d, for 3d),

Hp (10⁹ CFU/mL),

orally 0.3 mL/2d,

for 14d

0.09, 0.18, 0.36

g/kg/d; 3w

1. RUT↓

2. Gastric juice PH↓

059 Zhao X 2006 [42]

Ethanol

(Resin /Gum)

(Mastic)

UN

Gerbillinae;

Hp (10⁹ CFU),

0.5 mL orally, 2 times at 6 h-interval

3.75, 7.5, 15

mg/200μL; 0.2 mL/d, 2w

1. Hp clearance rate (Hp 16S rDNA)↑