Table 2 Plant-derived compound intervention for HAG

001 [43]

Gobert AP et al.

2023

2-hydroxybenzylamine

(Buckwheat)

Buckwheat

Polygonaceae

FVB/N INS-GAS mice;

Hp (10⁹) ,

0.2 mL orally, 2 times/2d

1, 3 mg/mL; 7w

1. Stomach CFU -

010 [44]

Shi M et al.

2021

Chaenomeles

speciosa total triterpenoids

Chaenomeles speciosa (Sweet) Nakai

Mugua, Quince

Rosaceae

M C57BL/6J mice;

Pretreated with mixed antibiotic solution (0.3 mL/d, for 7d),

Hp (10⁹CFU/mL),

0.30 mL orally, at 1d-interval,

for 14d

20 mL/kg of 50, 100 mg/kg,

1 times/d; 4w

1. Gastric CLO↓

012 [45]

Jung DH et al.

2020

H-002119-00-001/β-caryophyllene

Syzygium aromaticum

Cloves

Myrtaceae

M C57BL/6 mice;

Hp (5x10⁹CFU/mL),

200 μL orally, 3 times at 2d-interval

5 mL/kg of 100, 200, 500

mg/kg; 2w or 4w

1. Gastric CLO ↓

2. Gastric Hp 16S rRNA↓

013 [46]

Kim SE et al.

2020

Phytoncide

Pinus koraiensis

Pinecones

Pinaceae

M C57BL/6 mice;

Pre-treated with 5% NaHCO₃

(0.2 mL, for 3d),

Hp (5x10⁹CFU/mL),

0.2 mL orally, 3 times at 12 h-interval, for 2d

100, 200, 400 mg/kg/d; 2w

1. Blood anti-Hp IgG↓

2. CLO↓

3. CagA gene expression↓

015 [47]

Chen ME et al.

2018

①Baicalin, ②Baicalein

Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi

Huangqin

Lamiaceae

M C57BL/6 mice;

Hp (10⁹CFU/mL),

orally, totally 3 doses, on alternate days

0.2 mL of 80 μM [or+ 0.2 mL/d of LR-JB3 (2.5x10⁷ CFU/mL)]

1. Gastric Hp numbers↓

2. Gastric VacA mRNA↓

3. Serum IgA , IgM of Hp↓

018 [48]

Yang JS et al.

2018

Eudesmin

Fatsia polycarpa Hayata

Araliaceae

M C57BL/6 mice;

Hp (10⁹CFU),

orally, totally 3 doses, on alternate days

5, 10, 20, 40 μM, 0.2 mL/d;

3d

1. Stomach Hp 16S rRNA↓

019 [49]

Chang C et al.

2017

①Geniposide, ②Genipin

Gardenia jasminoides J. Ellis

Zhizi

Rubiaceae

M C57BL/6 mice;

Hp (10⁹CFU),

orally, totally 3 doses, on alternate days

①0.2 mL/d

of 31, 62

mg/kg/d; 3d

②0.2 mL/d

of 18, 36 mg/kg/d; 3d

1. Gastric Hp VacA mRNA↓, Hp CagA mRNA -

021 [50]

Yanaka A et al.

2017

Sulforaphane

Brassica oleracea L.

Broccoli

Brassicaceae

Nrf2(+/+), Nrf2(-/-)

F C57BL/6 mice;

Hp (5x10⁷CFU),

high-salt diet (7.5% NaCl) for 2m

3 μmol/d of SGS

[or+ homogenized Broccoli Sprouts]

1. Gastric Hp CFU ↓

022 [51]

Zhang S et al.

2017

Quercetin

Polygonum capitatum

Polygonaceae

M Kunming mice;

Hp (3x10⁸CFU/mL),

diet mixed with Hp at 1mL/kg concentration fed for 1d

64 mg/kg; 3d

UN

023 [52]

Cao D et al.

2016

18β-Glycyrrhetinic Acid (GRA)

Glycyrrhiza glabra L.

Liquorice,

Gancao

Fabaceae

M Mongolian gerbils;

Hp (10⁸CFU),

0.8 mL orally, 3 times at 2d-interval

0.1%; 10w

1. Gastric pH Value caused by Hp infection↓

2. Gastric Hp colonization rate -

028 [53]

Liu C et al.

2019

Epimedium polysaccharide

(EPS), Trollius chinensispolysaccharide

(TCPS), Siberian solomonseal rhizome polysaccharide

(SSRPS), Astragalus polysaccharides

(APS)

UN

Berberidaceae,

Ranunculaceae,

Liliaceae,

Fabaceae

F BALB/c mice;

Hp antigen

(10 μg OVA or 5 μg rUreB), immunized intranasally, 3 times at 2w-interval

50 ug/mouse

Immunization with rUreB alone or (rUreB+PPSs) before Hp challenged orally: 1. Stomach 16S rDNA of Hp: PPSs+ rUreB↓

2. Serum IgG antibodies: PPSs+ rUreB no difference with rUreB alone

3. Stomach homogenate IgA: rUreB + SRPS/APS↑

4. Intestinal lavage fluid IgA: rUreB+ TCPS/APS↑

031 [29]

Brown JC et al.

2011

Quercetin

/3, 3′, 4′, 5, 6- pentahydroxyflavone

Vitis rotundifolia Michx.

Muscadine grape

Vitaceae

F C57BL/6 mice;

Pre-treated with NaHCO₃(0.1 mL of 0.5 mol),

Hp (10^7-8CFU),

0.25 mL orally, 3 times at 2d-interval, for 5d

5%, 10% MGS powder

Or

0.5 mg of 25 mg/kg quercetin;

11w (all fed 1w before infection)

1. Gastric log CFU /g↓ no significant difference with infected untreated mice

032 [54]

Suk KT et al.

2011

2-4 polymer urushiol

Rhus verniciflua Stokes/

Toxicodendron vernicifluum (Stokes) F. A. Barkley

Lacquer Tree

Anacardiaceae

F C57BL/6 mice;

Pre-treated with

NaHCO₃(200 μL of 0.2 N),

Hp (10⁹CFU),

500 μL/d orally, a total of 19 inoculations (3 times a week), for 1w

0.128 mg/mL/d; 1w

1. Hp eradication rate: urushiol 33%, Triple therapy 75%, (Triple therapy + urushiol) 100%

040 [55]

Toyoda T et al.

2007

Nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA)

Larrea tridentata DC Coville

Creosote Bush

Zygophyllaceae

M Mongolian gerbils;

Hp (10⁸CFU/mL),

0.8 mL, 1 mL orally,

[chemical carcinogen, N-methyl-N-nitrosourea, 20w]

0.01%, 0.05%, 0.25%; +

AIN93G diet;

44w

1. Stomach

Urease A gene△

2. Serum anti-Hp IgG-

040 [55]

Toyoda T et al.

2007

Arctigenin

Arctium

lappa L

Niubangzi

Asteraceae

M Mongolian gerbils;

Hp (10⁸CFU/mL),

0.8 mL, 1mL orally, [chemical carcinogen, N-methyl-N-nitrosourea]

0.1%;

+ AIN93G diet; 44w

1. Stomach

Urease A gene△

2. Serum anti-Hp IgG-

044 [56]

Wu HM et al.

2024

Epiberberine (EPI)

Coptis chinensis Franch.

Huanglian

Ranunculaceae

F C57BL/6J mice;

Hp (10¹⁰CFU),

0.4 mL orally, totally 4 times every 2 days

50, 100, 200

mg/kg; 2w

1. Stool antigen test and RUT: Hp clearance rates: (OMZ+CLA+AMX) -100%; low, medium and high-dose of EPI 33.3%, 50%, 66.7%

045 [57]

Li G et al.

2023

Neutral corn protein hydrolysate (CPN)

Zea mays L.

Corn gluten meal

Poaceae

M KunMing mice;

Hp (10⁹CFU/mL),

0.4 mL orally, on alternate days, 7 times in total

200, 400, 600

mg/kg·bw;

Pre-treated for 2w before infection

1. Gastric CFU/g ↓

046 [58]

Tang Q et al.

2023

Coptisine

Coptis chinensis Franch.

Huanglian

Ranunculaceae

F C57BL/6J mice;

Hp (10⁹CFU),

0.2 mL orally, 4 times at 2d-interval

50, 100, 150

mg/kg/d; 2w

Clearance rate:

1. Hp Stool Antigen: quadruple therapy (QT), Cop-M, Cop-H 83.33%, 83.33%, 100%

2. Stomach tissue CFU: QT, Cop-M, Cop-H all 100%

3. Stomach tissue staining: QT, Cop-M, Cop-H 100%, 83.33%, 100%

047 [59]

Dai YY et al.

2022

Linolenic Acid-

Metronidazole (Lla-MTZ)

UN

Flax, Soybeans,

Rapeseed

UN

C57BL/6 mice;

Hp (10⁹CFU),

0.5 mL orally, every other day on 5 times

24 mg/kg; 1 times/d for 3d

1. Gastric mucosa of Hp CFU: OMZ+ Lla-MTZ did best

048 [60]

Su T et al.

2019

①Artemisinin (ART)

②Artesunate(ARTS)

③Dihydroartemisinin

(DHA)

Artemisia annua L

Artemisiae Annuae,

Qinghao

Asteraceae

C57BL/6 mice;

Pre-treated with MNU (240 ppm), 3 times/w for 6 cycles,

Hp (10⁹CFU),

0.2 mL orally, 3 times/w for 3w

60 mg/kg; 36w

UN

049 [61]

Toyoda T et al.

2016

Curcumin

Curcuma longa L.

Turmeric

Zingiberaceae

M Mongolian gerbils;

Hp (10⁸CFU/mL),

1mL orally

5000 ppm

1. UreA mRNA△

Capsaicin

Capsicum spp.

Chili peppers

Solanaceae

100 ppm

Piperine

Piper nigrum L.

Black peppers

Piperaceae

100 ppm

050 [62]

Zhang X et al.

2015

Resveratrol

UN

Berries, Nuts, Peanuts, Grape skin

UN

M Kunming mice;

Hp (10⁸CFU) orally, 3 times

100 mg/kg/d;

6w

1. Gastric Hp CFU -

051 [63]

Kundu P et al.

2011

Curcumin

/Diferuloylmethane

Curcuma longa L.

Turmeric,

Jianghuang

Zingiberaceae

C57BL/6 mice;

Hp (10⁸CFU) orally,

twice during 3d

25, 50 mg/kg;

7d

1. Urease test: gastric Hp colonization all score 0

2. Gastric Hp gene UreB, NapA: all score 0

052 [64]

De R et al.

2009

Curcumin

/Diferuloylmethane

Curcuma longa L.

Turmeric,

Jianghuang

Zingiberaceae

C57BL/6 mice;

Hp (10⁸CFU) orally,

twice during 3d

25 mg/kg; 7d

1. Gastric Hp VacA△

053 [65]

Toyoda T et al.

2009

Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester (CAPE)

UN

Propolis

UN

M C57BL/6 mice;

Hp (10⁸CFU),

1mL orally

0.01%, 0.03%, 0.1%; 10w

1. Serum Anti-Hp IgG△

055 [66]

Takeda K et al.

2007

Auraptene (AUR)

Citrus × aurantium f. aurantium

Natsumikan

/Citrus × natsudaidai Hayata

Rutaceae

M Mongolian gerbils;

Hp (2x10⁸CFU),

orally, twice during 2w

100, 500 ppm

1. Serum Anti-Hp IgG-

2. Gastric Hp colonization-

3. Stomach urease A gene: high dose group↓

056 [67]

Liu B et al.

2003

Total secondary carotenoids

Chlorococcum

Sp(microalgae)

Chlorococcaceae

F BALB/c mice;

Hp (10⁹CFU),

0.15 mL orally,

3 times at 2d-interval

100 mg/kg/d;

2w

1. Gastric Hp CFU△

057 [68]

Takagi A et al.

2000

Plaunotol

Croton stellatopilosus H. Ohba

Plaunoi

Euphorbiaceae

M BALB/c mice;

Hp (10⁹CFU),

orally, 3d

25-100 mg/kg/d; 4w

1. Serum Anti-Hp IgG↓

060 [69]

Tian A et al.

2014

Sophora alopecuroides L. total alkaloids (TASA)

[sophoridine (SR), matrine (MA), sophocarpine (SC), and lemannine (LMN)]

Sophora alopecuroides L.

555

Fabaceae

F BALB/c mice;

Pre-treated with omeprazole (0.4 mg),

Hp (2x10⁸CFU),

0.4 mL orally, twice in a day

2, 4, 5 mg/d

1. Gastric mucosa Hp 16S rDNA↓

061 [70]

Chen X et al. 2020

Palmatine

Coptis chinensis Franch.

Huanglian

Ranunculaceae

M Sprague-Dawley rats;

Hp (1.5x10⁸CFU/mL),

orally, at 1d-interval

10, 20, 40 mg/kg/ d

UN