Table 3 Method of Helicobacter detection inanimals

Campylobacter-Like Organism test

OR

Rapid Urease Test

CLO

OR

RUT

1. Test stomach tissue by CLO/RUT kit

2. Rationale: Helicobacter urease

3. Score by color change

Helicobacter urease activity

/

1. Mixes stomach tissue with urease activity test solution and read the absorbance

2. Rationale: Helicobacter urease

Helicobacter Stool Antigen

HPSA

1. Test animals’ stool antigen of Helicobacter

Helicobacter Colony-Forming-Unit

CFU

1. Homogenize stomach tissue and plate onto Medium after dilution, incubate at 37℃ for 48 h under microaerophilic conditions, finally count the colonies

Anti-Helicobacter IgG/A/M

(Helicobacter IgG/A/M antibodies)

IgG, IgA, IgM

1. Test serum, blood samples from eye, tail vein by ELISA assay kit

Helicobacter

gene detection

CagA, VacA, Ss1, UreA, SsA, NapA, 16S DNA and so on

1. Collect gastric tissue and test by qRT-PCR

2. Rationale: Extract Helicobacter gene for PCR test

Histopathological analysis

/

1. Giemsa stain of stomach paraffin slices, and confirm Helicobacter density or count bacteria under microscope