Fig. 3

Effects of ILA830 on inflammatory responses and glial activation in the brain. A Representative western blot images of JNK, p38, NF-κB, and β-actin in the SN. B Statistical analysis of the protein expression levels of p-JNK/JNK in the SN. C Statistical analysis of the protein expression levels of p-38/p38 in the SN. D Statistical analysis of the ratio of NF-κB, normalized to β-actin in the SN. E ELISA analysis of proinflammatory cytokine IL-6 in the ST. F ELISA analysis of proinflammatory cytokine IL-1β in the ST. G ELISA analysis of proinflammatory cytokine TNF-α in the ST. H ELISA analysis of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 in the ST. Representative images of immunofluorescence staining of GFAP- and IBA1-positive cells in the SN and ST. Scale bar = 300 (I), 10 (J) μm. K,M Quantitative analysis of GFAP-positive cells in the SN and ST. L,N Quantitative analysis of IBA1-positive cells in the SN and ST. O,R Representative images of astrocytic processes via Sholl analysis in the SN and ST. Scale bar = 100 (I), 20 (J) μm. P,S The number of intersections of astrocytic processes at different distances from the soma in the SN and ST. Q,T The number of total intersections within 50 µm radius from the soma in the SN and ST. Data are shown as the mean ± SEM. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001